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Mein Bild
In Mori (Stockelsdorf) bei Lübeck aufgewachsen, habe ich bereits von 1916 bis 1918 am Ersten Weltkrieg im Füsilierregiment "Königin" Nr. 86 teilgenommen. Im August 1939 wurde ich als Veteran in die Wehrmacht eingezogen. In diesem Blog veröffentliche ich mein Kriegstagebuch.

Mittwoch, 4. Januar 2012

Zweifelhafte Elemente in Marineuniform - Dubious elements in naval uniforms

Revolutionäre vor dem Brandenburger Tor (Berlin) im November 1918
Dieters Vorbeimarsch an der Obersten Heeresleitung (OHL) in der Wilhelmshöhe am 20. Dezember 1918 wird durch "zweifelhafte Elemente in Marineuniform" gestört. Ist dieser Umstand Dieter zumindest eine Randnotiz wert, so wird dieser in der Regimentschronik ganz ausgelassen.
In den Erinnerungen von
Wilhelm Groener findet sich eine interessante Schilderung des "revolutionären Umfelds" dieser Zeit in Verbindung mit dem Rückmarsch der Regimenter.
Nach der Entlassung Ludendorffs am 26. Oktober 1918 wurde Groener als neuer Erster Generalquartiermeister faktisch der Chef der Obersten Heeresleitung. Er leitete den Rückmarsch und die Demobilisierung der deutschen Truppen von der Westfront in die Heimatstandorte:

In den allerersten Tagen nach dem 9./10. November hatten wir uns in der O.H.L. in dem Traum gewiegt, daß wir genügend zuverlässige Truppen haben würden, um einen Grenzschutz am Rhein aufzubauen. Diese Hoffnung erwies sich als trügerisch.
Die in vollster Ordnung zurückmarschierenden Truppen blieben in der Hand ihrer Führer bis zu dem Augenblick, da sie am Rhein in die revolutionäre Atmosphäre eintraten; von da ab war kein Halten mehr. Die von der Heeresleitung an die Marschstraßen ausgesandten „Serumspritzer“, tüchtige, geschickte Offiziere, die die Truppen gegen den Geist der Revolution immun machen sollten, hatten keinen wesentlichen Erfolg.
Es gab Regimenter, die während des Rückmarsches sich vornahmen, sobald sie in ihren Garnisonen wären, den Revolutionären, besonders den Matrosen, den Garaus zu machen; wenn sie aber in den Kasernen waren, wurden alle diese guten Vorsätze vergessen und der Einfluß der Offiziere war dahin. So schnell wie möglich entlassen zu werden, war der Wunsch jedes einzelnen. Die Sorge um Haus und Hof, um die Familie überwog den vaterländischen Gedanken. Manche Divisionen konnten es kaum erwarten, bis sie auf die Eisenbahn verladen wurden.
[...] Bei letzterer sah es recht trübe aus, sie war längst ausgepumpt und die Abgabe der zahlreichen Lokomotiven und Wagen an den Feind tat das übrige, um die Leistungen der Eisenbahnen auf das niedrigste Maß herabzudrücken. Immerhin haben die Eisenbahner in diesen Wochen das Menschenmöglichste geleistet, um das Heer nach Hause zu bringen.


Quelle: Wilhelm Groener, Lebenserinnerungen, Jugend, Generalstab, Weltkrieg, herausgegeben von Friedrich Frhr. Hiller von Gaertringen. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1957, S. 472-75.
http://www.ghi-dc.org/: Wilhelm Groener über den Ebert-Groener Pakt (Rückblick 1957)


 


dubious elements in marine uniformsDieter's parade at the Supreme Army Command at Castle Wilhelmshöhe on December 20th, 1918 gets disturbed by "dubious elements in marine uniforms". While this fact is at least to Dieter important enough to put down a note on it, it is completely left out in the regimental chronicles.
In the memoirs of Wilhelm Groener, an interesting description of this "revolutionary environment" of that time in connection with the withdrawal of the regiments is to be found.
After the dismissal of Ludendorff on October 26th, 1918 Groener had been assigned the new Quartermaster General, making him in fact the new Commander of the Supreme Army Command. He headed organising the troops' march from the western front back into their home garrisons and their subsequent demobilisation:

During the very first days after the 9th/10th November, in the Supreme Command we were still klinging to the dream that we had enough reliable troops to build up a frontier protection along the Rhein river. This hope proved to be wrong.
The troops marching back in full order followed the command of their leaders until the moment they entered the revolutionary atmosphere; from that point on there was no holding back any more. The so called "vaccineers", capable and skilled officers that were to immunise the troops against the spirit of revolution, did not have substantial success.
There were regiments, that had planned to finish off those revolutionists, especially the naval soldiers, as soon as they would reach their home garrisons; but once they got there, all good intentions were gone and the officers' influence diminished. To get discharged as soon as possible was every one's wish. The worries about one's home and family overwhelmed all thoughts on the Fatherland. Some divisions could hardly stand to get loaded onto the railway.
[....] The latter really looked awful, it had long been exhausted and the tribute of numerous locomotives and waggons to the enemy did its own part to decrease the performance of the railway to the lowest possible extent. At least the railway men achieved the humanly possible during those weeks, to get the army home.


Source: Wilhelm Groener, Lebenserinnerungen, Jugend, Generalstab, Weltkrieg, herausgegeben von Friedrich Frhr. Hiller von Gaertringen. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1957, S. 472-75.
http://www.ghi-dc.org/: Wilhelm Groener über den Ebert-Groener Pakt (Rückblick 1957)


FRA

Dubbi elementi in uniforme della Marina
La parata militare di Dieter davanti al Comando Supremo dell'Esercito nel castello di Wilhelmshöhe il 20 dicembre 1918 viene disturbata da "dubbi elementi in uniforme della Marina". mentre questo fatto è abbastanza significativo per Dieter, tanto da riportarlo in una nota, esso è completamente ignorato dal diario di reggimento.
Nelle memorie di Wilhelm Groener, si può trovare una interessante descrizione di questo "ambiente rivoluzionario" del tempo, in relazione alla ritirata del dei reggimenti.
Dopo la destituzione di Ludendorff il 26 ottobre 1918, Groener era stato assegnato al nuovo Quartier Generale, divenendo, di fatto, il nuovo Comandante Supremo dell'Esercito (in realtà vice Capo di Stato Maggiore). Egli guidò l'organizzazione della marcia delle truppe dal fronte occidentale alle guarnigioni in Patria e la conseguente smobilitazione.:

Durante i primissimi giorni dopo il 9/10 novembre, al Comando Supremo eravamo ancora appesi al sogno di avere truppe sufficienti su cui contare per schierare una protezione alla frontiera lungo il fiume Reno. Questa speranza risultò vana.
Le truppe che tornavano in marcia ordinatamente seguirono gli ordini dei loro comandanti fino al momento in cui entrarono in un'atmosfera rivoluzionaria; da quel punto in poi non ci fu possibilità di trattenerli. I cosiddetti "vaccinatori", capaci e scaltri ufficiali che dovevano preservare le truppe dal contagio dello spirito rivoluzionario, non ebbero alcun successo.
Ci furono reggimenti che avevano pianificato di farla finita con quei rivoluzionari, specialmente marinai, non appena questi avessero raggiunto le loro guarnigioni; ma una volta arrivati lì, tutte le buone intenzioni svanirono e l'influenza degli ufficiali si affievolì. Essere congedati al più presto era l'unico desiderio di ognuno. Le preoccupazioni per la propria casa e la propria famiglia sovrastavano qualunque pensiero per la Madrepatria. Alcune divisioni furono a stento trattenute sulla ferrovia.
[....]  Il resto fu realmente terribile, si era allo stremo, ed il tributo di numerose locomotive e convogli distrutti dal nemico ebbe la sua parte nel rendere debolissima l'operatività del sistema ferroviario. I ferrovieri, almeno, fecero tutto l'umanamente possibile per portare l'esercito a casa.


  

1 Kommentar:

  1. Dieter's parade at the Supreme Army Command at Castle Wilhelmshöhe on December 20th, 1918 gets disturbed by "dubious elements in marine uniforms". While this fact is at least to Dieter important enough to put down a note on it, it is completely left out in the regimental chronicles.
    In the memoirs of Wilhelm Groener, an interesting description of this "revolutionary environment" of that time in connection with the withdrawal of the regiments is to be found.
    After the dismissal of Ludendorff on October 26th, 1918 Groener had been assigned the new Quartermaster General, making him in fact the new Commander of the Supreme Army Command. He headed organising the troops' march from the western front back into their home garrisons and their subsequent demobilisation:

    During the very first days after the 9th/10th November, in the Supreme Command we were still klinging to the dream that we had enough reliable troops to build up a frontier protection along the Rhein river. This hope proved to be wrong.
    The troops marching back in full order followed the command of their leaders until the moment they entered the revolutionary atmosphere; from that point on there was no holding back any more. The so called "vaccineers", capable and skilled officers that were to immunise the troops against the spirit of revolution, did not have substantial success.
    There were regiments, that had planned to finish off those revolutionists, especially the naval soldiers, as soon as they would reach their home garrisons; but once they got there, all good intentions were gone and the officers' influence diminished. To get discharged as soon as possible was every one's wish. The worries about one's home and family overwhelmed all thoughts on the Fatherland. Some divisions could hardly stand to get loaded onto the railway.
    [....] The latter really looked awful, it had long been exhausted and the tribute of numerous locomotives and waggons to the enemy did its own part to decrease the performance of the railway to the lowest possible extent. At least the railway men achieved the humanly possible during those weeks, to get the army home.

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